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Typhoon Soudelor, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Hanna, is the second most intense tropical cyclone to develop in the Northern Hemisphere thus far in 2015, and the strongest typhoon since Typhoon Vongfong. Soudelor had severe impacts in the Northern Mariana Islands, Taiwan, and eastern China, resulting in at least 38 confirmed fatalities. Lesser effects were felt in Japan, South Korea and the Philippines. The thirteenth named storm of the annual typhoon season, Soudelor formed as a tropical depression near Pohnpei on July 29. The system strengthened slowly at first before entering a period of rapid intensification on August 2. Soudelor made landfall on Saipan later that day, causing extensive damage. Owing to favorable environmental conditions, the typhoon further deepened and reached its peak intensity with winds of 215 km/h (130 mph) and an atmospheric pressure of 900 hPa (mbar; 26.58 inHg) on August 3. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center assessed one-minute sustained winds at 285 km/h (180 mph), making Soudelor a Category 5-equivalent super typhoon. Steady weakening ensued thereafter as the storm moved generally west-northwest. Soudelor made landfall over Hualien, Taiwan, late on August 7 and emerged over in the Taiwan Strait early the next day. The typhoon soon moved inland over eastern China and degraded to a tropical depression by August 9. Soudelor is the worst storm to strike Saipan in the Northern Mariana Islands in nearly 30 years. Hundreds of homes were damaged or destroyed and power was expected to take a month to restore. In Taiwan, torrential rains and destructive winds caused widespread damage and disruptions. A record-breaking 4.85 million households lost power on the island. At least 8 people died and 420 others sustained injury there; a ninth person died in the storm's aftermath. Portions of eastern China saw their heaviest rains in 100 years, resulting in deadly floods and landslides. At least 26 people were killed in the nation and total economic losses reached approximately 20.4 billion yuan (US$3.08 billion). ==Meteorological history== On July 28, 2015, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) began monitoring a tropical disturbance about 415 km (260 mi) north of Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshall Islands. The system featured a developing low level circulation accompanied by deep convection. Moving generally west under the influence of a subtropical ridge, the disturbance gradually organized amid favorable environmental conditions. A tropical upper tropospheric trough (TUTT) cell enhanced upper-level outflow, offsetting the negative effects of moderate wind shear; high sea surface temperatures and ocean heat content provided ample energy for further development. At 14:30 UTC on July 29, the JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert for the system. Several hours later, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) began monitoring the system as a weak tropical depression; the agency began full advisories on the system at 00:00 UTC on July 30. The JTWC followed suit later that day, designating the system as ''Tropical Depression 13W''. The cyclone achieved tropical storm intensity by 12:00 UTC, at which time it was assigned the name ''Soudelor'', a title of legendary rulers in the Pohnpeian language.〔http://www.guampdn.com/story/news/2015/07/31/what-does-soudelor-mean/30922777/〕〔http://www.trussel2.com/pnp/pnp-s.htm#sa〕 A central dense overcast developed over the circulation center shortly thereafter. Some structural degradation took place on July 31 owing to subsidence from a TUTT cell to the north. Following a retreat of the TUTT cell northward, Soudelor's convective structure improved with well-defined banding features wrapping into the circulation by August 1. The organizing storm, with a redeveloped central dense overcast, soon entered a region favoring rapid intensification, including low wind shear, sea surface temperatures of and high ocean heat content. Therefore, the JMA upgraded Soudelor to a severe tropical storm by 18:00 UTC. Rapid intensification ensued on August 2 as the storm approached the Northern Mariana Islands with both agencies classifying Soudelor as a typhoon.〔 The typhoon developed an unusually small eye only 8 km (5 mi) in diameter, among the smallest ever observed in a tropical cyclone. At 14:54 UTC, Soudelor made landfall along the southern coast of Saipan. After undergoing an eyewall replacement cycle, Soudelor continued rapid intensification and on August 3, the JTWC upgraded Soudelor to a Category 5 super typhoon. Intensity leveled off thereafter, and after maintaining Category 5 intensity for 24 hours, Soudelor was downgraded to a Category 4 super typhoon late on August 4. On August 5, PAGASA reported that the Typhoon Soudelor entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility assigning the name ''Hanna''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Typhoon Hanna enters PAR, maintains peak strength overnight - Pagasa )〕 Soudelor weakened further to a Category 2-equivalent typhoon and stayed at that intensity for a day. On August 7, the typhoon reintensified to reach a secondary peak as a Category 3-equivalent typhoon, and later that day, Typhoon Soudelor made landfall over Xiulin, Hualien in Taiwan at 20:40 UTC on August 7 (04:40 TST on August 8), and it arrived in the Taiwan Strait from Taixi, Yunlin around 03:00 UTC (11:00 TST) on August 8. Around 14:10 UTC (22:10 CST) on the same day, Soudelor made landfall over Putian, Fujian in China as a Category 1-equivalent typhoon. Quickly degrading, Soudelor moved erratically northwest. 24 hours after landfall, Soudelor was downgraded to a depression, before becoming extratropical six hours later The remnants re-looped eastward, before briefly re-attaining gale-force winds as it moved offshore near Yancheng, Jiangsu. The remnants were last noted on August 13, affecting Kyushu and Chūgoku region. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Typhoon Soudelor (2015)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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